Inferior, maybe, but real enough. Sometimes she’s portrayed as judging the dead by weighing their hearts against a feather.

And then a glowing disc emerges from Set’s head and that disc is Thoth (or something like that). She was also associated with bows and arrows. Remember when I mentioned Atum’s “divine female creative principle,” aka his hand? Once he was old enough, he confronted Set and demanded his kingdom. She also, apparently, invented birth itself, and weaving, which made mummification possible. In ye olden days, the story went that Atum created himself, and then created the next generation of gods, either by spitting or by combining the “divine female creative principle” that dwelt within his hand with the divine male creative principle that dwelt exactly where you’d expect. It’s as nice a chart as I could make after smooshing together a bunch of those similar-but-not-identical pantheons into one image, but it also contains at least a half-dozen gods who were in charge of their own version of this pantheon, and a bunch of others who could be related to each other in totally different ways depending on when and where you asked. Especially not Apep. He was also associated with a certain kind of lettuce that has a distinctive white sap. Ain’t No Tragedy Like An Ancient Greek Tragedy, When We Thought Radioactivity Was Healthy, When the US (almost) Nuked North Carolina. He’s a god of male fertility who is almost always depicted with one hand in the air and the other around his, ahem, ithyphallus. Wadjet was the goddess and protector of Lower Egypt. One source I read suggested he might have been initially modeled after the front view of a male lion. Imhotep is a deified human – how cool is that?

It’s when a group goes from “my god is the best god” to “my god is the only god” that you get problems.
And since Osiris didn’t have a son, that made Set pharaoh.

She’s the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus, which makes her the symbolic mother of all pharaohs. She’s usually depicted with lotus flowers in one hand and a snake in the other, and usually looks a lot less bashful than I’ve drawn her here. But he didn’t last long, because his brother Set killed him, and dismembered him, and for good measure scattered his body across Egypt. Anubis is an awesome-looking god of embalming and mummification who was worshipped pretty widely before being gradually superseded in that role by Osiris. It’s an adjective used to describe statues and religious icons that have erections, and Min is a prime example. I might as well mention that this is the only pantheon I’ve heard of with stitched-together-zombie-sex. During the contests between Horus and Seth, she warns that if Seth doesn’t do what she says, or she’ll make the sky fall, and while I assume she meant it literally, I like to imagine it more like that scene from Hero.

He hated the idea so much that he forced them apart, holding Geb down and Nut up, which is how we ended up with the air between the earth and the sky, and also how we ended up with so many fantastic paintings of this. He seems to have started as a minor figure who’d scare of demons, but over a few thousand years attained widespread veneration as a protector of homes and a god of fun things in general.

I also read another story where Ra was super bummed, so Sekhmet cheered him up by getting naked. That is why he only is seen near the end of the journey through the Duat. She was also the patron goddess of art and drunkenness. Most ancient Egyptian creation myths involve the first god emerging from a chaotic watery abyss, and depending on the story, Nun either lived in the watery abyss or *was* the watery abyss. I swear that’s his actual hat. Amun started as the patron god of Thebes, and as Thebes became more important to Egypt, so did Amun, until he superseded/merged with Ra as the big king deity of divinity itself, Amun-Ra. Khepri was the emerging sun, Nefertum was the new born sun, Ra was the sun during the day, and Atum was the setting sun. I should mention here that in general, ancient people were – well, I won’t say religiously tolerant, but there seems to have been a “more the merrier” feel to a lot of pantheons. Satet was one of several gods of the annual flooding of the Nile river, which was incredibly important for ancient Egyptian agriculture. Sekhmet was the fire-breathing lion-headed goddess of war and violence, so it makes sense that most of her worship was about keeping her away. Where most deities in ancient Egypt were depicted young, beautiful, and sideways, Bes is pretty much always the front-view of a fat little naked man with a beard. Ra sacrificed this aspect of himself to bind Apophis; turning him into millions of beetles. So if you think about it, she’s sort of the spiritual mother *and* wife of the king.
A lot of goddesses who were imported from areas to the east of Egypt wound up incorporated in the pantheon as daughters of Ra, I think because the sun rises in the east? He’d mostly spend his days attacking the gods on Ra’s ship, and his nights getting hacked to pieces in the underworld. Wise, magical, and exceptionally cunning, Isis was one of the most important goddesses in the whole pantheon. She was associated with royalty, childbirth, and motherhood, and, according to one book I read, was sometimes“depicted as a composite deity with outstretched wings, an erect phallus, and three heads — those of a vulture, a lion, and a human.”. Khepri was the god of the rising sun, which would roll along the sky like a beetle rolls a ball of dung.

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