| Gross: Location lists and additional aerial photographs of POW camps in Germany, Italy and Occupied Europe, including reports on transfers, are in AIR 14/1235-1240, and similar documentation on German camps occurs in AIR 40/227-231. Stalag Luft was short for Kriegsgefangenen-Mannschafts-Stammlager- Luft. (Pontedera is on the main Pisa autostrada today and was home to the Piaggio aircraft factory (since 1946- the Vespa scooter factory). There is a SHAEF report from February 8th 1945 reporting the camp marching south westwards across Bohemia towards Nuremburg against its original intention to move to Goerlitz (Gorlitz) - Stalag VIIIa. The men were marched along country roads towards the Oder, first north towards Dresden, then when the Germans changed their mind, south towards Bavaria, eventually reaching Stalag XIII-D near Nuremberg. In June 1944 senior American officers captured in the Battle of Normandy were sent to Oflag 64. Some of the Dutch prisoners escaped when en route to Neubrandenburg camp via train by jumping from the boxcars and managed to get home. Some of these sub-camps were not the traditional POW camps with barbed wire and guard towers but merely accommodation centres. According to the German Security Officer, Captain Reinhold Eggers, the Dutch officers appeared to be model prisoners at first. If one is interested in spy craft and traitors during World War II and the Cold War there are few authors that have produced more satisfying works than Ben Macintyre. Others worked in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. German and Italian camps! By Peter Jackson. The treatment was a repetition of previous camps, with the exception of food, of which there was virtually none. 20,770 POWs here (53 British) with 1735 Officers. More general correspondence on British merchant seamen POWs is in MT 9 (code 106). | The buildings were solid brick structures with cement floors and tar/felt roofing. The military authorities decided to conscript local German civilian women to assist with the rescue and clean up work. Access to full details of seamen born less than 100 years ago may be restricted. Pel, Prisoners ran courses in languages and mathematics, as well as commercial, vocational, economic, and scientific subjects. 6,980 POWs held here all British in 1942 On Feb 26th 19437,314 were recorded as POWs. Stutthof KZ had up to 110,000 inmates, and more than 85,000 were systematically killed there. The camp was liberated by the U.S. Army on 3 April 1945. In July 1941 they were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa housed in the open in a separate enclosure. There are some surviving BAOR (British Army Of the Rhine) reports reference WC/C/243 (war crimes) regarding the forced marches from Nebrandenburg camps to the Schwerin area in 1945 these can now be found at the national archives under reference WO209/1047. POW Quarters were roomy and designed so as to be cool and airy in the hot summer months. Opened 7th July 1942 with a capacity of 4000. Damian Lewis, Its also worth noting that some camps were very large and split into compounds where little mixing was permitted between their respective captives, hence it is quite possible that an inmate from one compound however long they were incarcerated would not have met another inmate of a separate part of the same camp. They were made by individuals identified by MI9/IS9 lists as having been directly involved with an escape organisation or who had some other significant function within the POW camp's internal organisation. Some of the more critically ill were moved to the 650th Hospital on 25/11/44. Physical and sanitary conditions were very poor, and of the estimated 200,000 Soviet prisoners who passed through the camp, about 40,000 died of starvation, mistreatment and disease. The camp was reopened in 1 October 1939 to house Polish generals and their staffs captured during the German September 1939 offensive. Aalsmeer Restricted Residence For Civilians Aalsmeer Holland, Air Corps Transit Camp Verona Italy 45-11, Amsterdam Restricted Residence For Civilians Amsterdam Holland 52-05, Bad Godesberg Lazarett (Serves Stalag XVII-A) Godesberg Rheinland, Prussia 50-07, Bad Soden-Salmunster Hospital (Serves Stalag IX- Bad Soden Hessen-Nassau, Prussia 50-09, Bad Sulze Hospital (Serves Stalag IX-C) Bad Sulze Saxe-Weimar 51-11, Bagno A Ripoli Florence (Firenze) Italy 43-11, Bagnolo-Piano Civilian Internment Camp Bagnolo-Piano Italy 44-10, Beujon Hospital For Civilians Clichy France 49-02, Bratislava POW Camp Bratislava Czechoslovakia 48-17, Brenners Park-Hotel Baden-Baden Baden (Civilian Internment Camp) 48-08, Brens Civilian Internment Camp Tarn France 44-02, Brevannes Sanitorium For Civilians Paris France 49-02, Brides Les Bains Civilian Internment Camp Brides Les Bains France 45-06, Camp Chumen (Shumla) Chumen Bulgaria 43-27, Camp De Gurs Civilian Internment Camp Basses-Pyrenees France 43-01, Camp de Noe Civilian Internment Camp Noe France 43-01, Camp Leled, Near Esztergom, Hungary 47-19, Camp San Tomaso Della Fossa Civilian Internment Camp Near Bagnolo-Piano Italy 45-11, Casablanca POW Camp Morocco North Africa 33-07, Compiegne Civilian Internment Camp (Subordinate to Frontstalag 122) Compiegne France 49-03, Concentration Camp Buchenwald (Near Weimar) Thuringia, Germany 51-11, Deutscher Luftwaffen Lazarett 203, Budapest, Hungary 47-19, Deutscher Luftwaffen Teil, Lazarett 201, Budapest, Hungary 47-19, Egendorf Hospital (Serves Stalag IX-C) Egendorf Thuringia, Germany 51-11, Elsterhorst Hospital 742 (Serves Stalag 4-C & 4-A) Elsterhorst Saxony 51-14, Eppenhain Hospital Eppenhain Hessen-Nassau, Prussia 49-08, Feldpost 31703(23.4.1944-24.11.1944) 10.10.1944 Armee-Gefangenen-Sammelstelle 59 -POW gathering area -Dulag. For completeness however, theyare listed below, where no address is listed it is probable that the local barracks also housed the records office. Charles Bronson, Votes: Anthony Steel, Fort 11 (XI) named after Stefana Batorego. Originally most soldiers and officers had been released after the end of the Norwegian campaign, but as resistance activities increased, the officers were rearrested and sent to POW camps. Trevor Howard, | Milag (Marineinterniertenlager, "Marine internment camp"), the Merchant Navy camp, was 300 m (980 ft) to the east of Marlag. The north and south parts of the camp consisted of tall storage buildings housing up to 2000 POWs each on just the one floor. The coats in Dutch field grey in particular remained unchanged in colour, since it was similar to the tone already in use by the Germans, thus these greatcoats would be nearly identical with very minor alterations. Another successful escaper from Marlag was Lieutenant David James, RNVR. On June 6, 1943 the camp was redesignated Oflag 64; it became an American officers-only camp with the arrival of officers captured in the North Africa Campaign in Tunisia. Interesting new book looking at the history of Colditz when it was home to various different POW's during WW2 and the characters involved some well known others not so. Take a fresh look at the legendary escapes, featuring stories from both Colditz survivors and their extended families. Only Dutch officers and a few Soviet officers remained. Work parties were drawn from this camp to work at Agricultural tasks under Campo 106 and 107. You can embed or download low-resolution images free of charge for private and non-commercial use under the IWM Non-Commercial Licence. Many prisoners escaped into the Apennine Mountains when guards deserted as the Italian Armistice was announced on 8th September 1943. | The Stalag served as the base for distribution of International Red Cross packages and mail. In spring of 1943 American personnel captured in the Tunisia Campaign arrived. The prisoners of war - mostly from France and the Soviet Union - had to perform forced labour in nearby factories and in agriculture. Size salary was dependent of your military rank and was for Colonel 150 (eg, Brigadier 180), Col. 120, Major 108, Captain 98, Lt. 81, Lieutenant 72. Colditz Castle, in eastern Germany, was built high on the slope of a hill and the Germans believed it was escape-proof.Throughout the war, they sent their most difficult POWs there. Oflag VIII-F was first established at Wahlstatt in July 1940 and housed French and Belgian officers taken prisoner during the Battle of France. This camp was used after the armistice to house the 40,000 Jews from Modena/Bologna before their transfer to Auschwitz. Reserve Lazarett Heilanstalt Ueckermunde Pomerania, Prussia. It was liberated by a Soviet armoured division on 28 April 1945. | A former residence of the kings of Saxony, the castle was used in 1939 as a prisoner-of-war . By the end of March 1942, some 41,000 Soviet POWs had died in these three camps of starvation, exhaustion and disease. The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. 1,788 officers and 50,785 other rank POWs with 13,39 British kept here. From January 1944, Wietzendorf was the site of one of the largest camps for Italian officers known as Oflag 83. | Digital files of films and sound recordings are available at cost depending on intended use. Lieutenant Colonel Ronald Bolton Littledale was also captured at Calais and escaped from his first camp, Stalag XXI-A in Poznan in Poland. On the morning of May 2, 1945 the POWs were all sitting in a ditch next to the River Elbe near Lauenburg, Germany, when the British arrived and liberated the "camp". William Sylvester, R -Also known as Stalag 344, Stalag IV b/z and Stalag VIII-b. Soon after all the other prisoners were also transferred, and the camp was closed on 1 July 1942. Stalag IX-B Bad Orb Hessen-Nassau, Prussia Location N/E 50-09. Search them here now. The source roster for Italian camps has however been located and have been completely transcribed on this site -these come directly from the National Archives reference WO392/21. It was located south of the railway tracks. The more search options you place, the more websites you have a chance of finding. The series of records WO 416 consist of cards for over 200,000 prisoners of war and civilians, and deceased airmen whose bodies were found near to their planes. Attempted to walk out disguised as a woman. Director: In 1941 more prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign mostly British and Yugoslavians (mostly Serbs). During June in fact some of these camps had already been evacuated to Germany and their inmates replaced with POWs from further south. In May 1940 the first British and Commonwealth officers captured in the battle of France arrived. A huge camp with many compounds and work sites away from the main camp, in fams and factories, partially within the old castle of Malbork. These records do not cover the entire war, the dates being: The lists of 169,000+ POWs were probably originally sent to the Casualty (PW) Branch of the Directorate of Prisoners of War in London, and also form the basis of the public record office documents. The first Senior British Officer (SBO) was Wing Commander Harry Day. The men had hot showers, and their clothes were steamed and fumigated to kill the lice that were an ever present threat of typhus. Director: Over 5,000 Allied merchant seamen were captured by German forces during the Second World War, most of whom were at some time held at the camp Marlag und Milag Nord, Westertimke, near Bremen, Germany, (Marlag held Royal Navy personnel and Milag Merchant seamen). 24 British POWs held here in a small farming village. With so many escape-prone prisoners housed together it was inevitable that they would plan escapes. In June 1940, Belgian and French POWs were housed in the former Bergen-Belsen construction workers camp. The Famous WWII POW Camp. Ordinary servicemen were required to doany work they were able to do, as long as it was not dangerous and did not support the German war effort, (Geneva Convention section III, article 49). Jack Lee Six years of war brought many changes to familiar festive rituals. Less than eight months later Oflag IV-C was captured by American soldiers from 1st US Army. Non-Commercial educational use for the purpose of teaching and instruction, including internal training. There were as many as 700 different work parties (Arbeitskommando) to various factories and other locations from this camp. The Germans, however, always treated Merchant Navy seamen as POWs (as did the British from 1942). BBC News. Director: Opened September 1939, closed April 1945. The Kommandatur contained the headquarters and administration buildings, while the Stabslager and the Wache contained accommodation for the administrative personnel and the camp guards. | It was then used as a temporary camp for French and Serbian officers. The Germans sometimes provided a wagon for the sick. The tunnel was completed in May, and on the night of 3/4 June 1943 sixty-five men escaped. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. The shifting balance of power nicely charted as the war went on and the German position worsened. On 28 January 1945 the POWs were assembled and marched westward, but after two days they were liberated by the Soviet Red Army. As the war progressed, prisoners of other nationalities arrived at Stalag V-A. 81 min Oflag VI-A Soest Prussia Location N/E 51-08. Post-war the site was taken over by the United States Army and renamed Camp King. Their repeated, elaborate, and sometimes bizarre attempts at escape are a nice change from the stories of Grunts on the front lines. Closed following the mass outbreak of prisoners in the days after the Italian Armistice was announced on 8 September 1943. This site allowed room for expansion of the camp facilities and its main feature was the ruined old Chapel of San Martino, sometimes known as San Mauro or Grupignano. 1944: On 23 August Colditz received its first Americans: 49-year-old Colonel Florimund Duke the oldest American paratrooper of the war, Captain Guy Nunn, and Alfred Suarez. Stalag VII-B Memmingen Bavaria Location N/E 48-10. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade Iwhich was at first under direct supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and after mid-February 1943 then run under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germanylocated near the old telegraph tower at La Foulre. William Holden, Work camps under the jurisdiction of Stalag IIIB, A civilian work camp for Poles (Gemeinschaftslager). Hardy Krger, Upham was only allowed to visit the toilet when the train was travelling at high speed, to prevent him from jumping through a window. In September and October 1943 Italian prisoners arrived after the Italian capitulation. However, around midnight there was an alarm and the Germans searched the castle. Many of them were finally repatriated towards the end of 1945 though the port of Odessa on the Black Sea. Those released included military and civilians: 1,248 Soviet, 41 Poles, 16 Yugoslavs and 3 Italians. All of the photos of individuals from camps in this tutorial were taken from this collection unfortunately, none of the men's' names is recorded in these articles. 1945: On 19 January six French Generals Lieutenant-General Jean Adolphe Louis Robert Flavigny, Major-General Louis Lon Marie Andr Buisson, Major-General Arsne Marie Paul Vauthier, Brigadier-General Albert Joseph Daine, and Brigadier-General Ren Jacques Mortemart de Boisse were brought from the camp at Knigstein to Colditz Castle. Translation of the German account of Neaves escapes from Stalag XXA (Thorn) on 16 April 1941 and later from Oflag IVC (Colditz) on 7 January 1942: According to Stalag XXA: on 16 April 1941, N disappeared on route to the dentist from Fort 15 and on 26 April 1941, he was recaptured by the Gestapo at Plock. The Italian camp nominal rolls are sourced directly from WO392/12. Most of them headed south, towards Switzerland, sleeping by day and travelling by night. Beds were for officers, elderly and the sick. Stalag VIII-A Gorlitz (Moved to Moosburg Murenberg) Silesia Location N/E 51-15. Some of the French officers held at Colditz 1943: In May, the Wehrmacht High Command decided that Colditz should house only Americans and British, so in June the Dutch were moved out, followed shortly thereafter by the Poles, the Belgians, and the French; with the final French group leaving 12 July, 1943. John Sturges Sandbostel lies 9 km south of Bremervrde, 43 km northeast of Bremen. This time the sentry demanded to see their Army paybooks, so the escape party fled, although two were arrested. In February 1942 the prisoners were transferred to Oflag VII-B in Eichsttt, and the castle was then became an internment camp (Internierungslager) for men from the British Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. The form consists of 25 questions relating to topics such as the work of escape committees; escape aids and their usefulness; German censorship; receipt and dissemination of coded messages; a collection of geographical information that might assist future escape attempts; and internal communications. Guests staying there get a three-hour tour of tunnels and hidden rooms used by the . Whilst they were ostensibly for collection of air force personnel their main purpose was as interrogation centres for newly captured aircrew, before they were transferred in batches to the permanent camps. Most ANZAC POWs were transferred to PG 57 early in 1942, some did remain behind in Sulmona as batmen to officers, being given separate accommodation in the lower section of the main camp. Just outside of the gates of Milag was the Kommandantur ("Headquarters") and accommodation for the guards. The camp opened in December 1939 when a small number of British and French POWs were transferred in from Oflag IX-A/H. Guy Hamilton By the end of July 1941, there were more than 500 officers: over 250 French, 150 Polish, 50 British and Commonwealth, 2 Yugoslavian. Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated. Their task included settling financial claims and making recommendations for awards to helpers, the latter being done in conjunction with the Americans and the Intelligence Services of the countries concerned. While the information is limited it does include name and address, type of reward, amount of financial compensation and any remarks. 'Moritz' and 'Max' (second dummy) were made of plaster by a fellow Polish POW and painted by another Dutch POW, Lieutenant Diederick van Lynden. On the night of 17 September 1943 a large group of prisoners escaped. July 1941: About 20,000 Soviet prisoners captured during Operation Barbarossa arrived. Director: The first one was in Siedlce, and the second was titled in the following towns: Suchozebry and Will Suchozebrska. In June 1942 the Polish officers were transferred to other camps, such as Oflag VII-A Murnau and Oflag VI-B, Dssel. However other reports show on 25th January 1945, as Soviet troops approached, the camp was abandoned and all prisoners were evacuated to the west. Known as Kommendantur Stalag 20A it remained the HQ until the end of the war. Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive were placed in Stalag II-A. The book 'Fascism's European empire' (Italian Occupation during the second world war) by Robert Rodogna which originally used the USSME (Italian Army archives) for camp listings. The camp was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in mid-April 1945 although this was long after most had been force marched out westwards. Near Arezzo and had mostly Indian inmates, also known as 'Caserta.'. 4,000 lower-ranked British, South African and Ghurka prisoners, mostly from the surrender of Tobruk, were held in two compounds of tents, with very poor conditions and food shortages. When the offensive of the Soviet Red Army resumed in 1945, all inmates were marched westward on 28 January 1945. Stalag XIII-C Hammelburg Om Main Bavaria Location N/E 50-10. However, the current whereabouts and indeed survival of these documents is uncertain. It was this version that Germany and Italy, amongst 53 other countries, signed. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google For four years during WWII, Colditz Castle in Germany was a prison for Allied officers (and some lower ranking prisoners who served as their orderlies). For Polish officers, this camp opened in October 1939 with the first transport of 1000 officers. Oflag XII-B was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp for officers (Offizierlager) located in the citadel of Mainz, in western Germany. Richard Attenborough, The Man Who Broke into Auschwitz - Denis Avey [see here]. It was later used by Germans (SS) as a main transit camp (Durchgangslager) for deportation to Germany of Jews and political opponents. | The barracks were enclosed by a barbed-wire fence and watchtowers to form a camp approximately 440 by 530 metres, and was opened in June 1940 to house officers, mostly French, captured in the Battle of France, as well as several hundred Poles. Located close to Coltano, later part of a US camp until 1955. On the way to the border they were stopped by an SS policeman, but their forged papers were sufficient to pass inspection. After two to three days, the column reached Stettin. He and five other prisoners were to leave the castle disguised as a work party removing clothes from the clothing store, four to be dressed as Polish orderlies, one disguised as a German officer, the other as a German soldier. Having been taken prisoner of war (POW), he was sent to an Italian hospital to recuperate but attempted to escape numerous times before being branded "dangerous" by the Germans, (how a man, having been awarded 2 VCs for combat could not be regarded as dangerous by the enemy is extremely ironic!). After the Soviet takeover (in 1945) it was until 1949 a special camp, NKVD-camp Nr. Kriegslazarett Kriegslazarett-Abteilung 604 - Military Hospital in theRheinpaltz area. Although individuals are rarely mentioned by name, a speculative search of files in these record series may still prove fruitful. Operation Barbarossa arrived of the largest camps for Italian officers known as Oflag.! 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